Menstrual Cycle MEDICAL TUBER Review Questions
1. The _________ is responsible for secreting gonadotropin-releasing
hormone.
A. Thalamus
B. Hypothalamus
C. Anterior pituitary
gland
D. Posterior pituitary
gland
2. During which cycle day of a typical 28 day menstrual cycle does
the follicular phase occur?
A. Cycle days 7-14
B. Cycle days 14-28
C. Cycle days 1-6
D. Cycle days 1-13
3. As the graafian follicle matures, a massive amount of estrogen is
released by the follicle which causes a luteinizing hormone surge.
Approximately, what cycle day does the LH surge occur?
A. Cycle day 11-13
B. Cycle Day 14
C. Cycle day 5-8
D. Cycle day 1-6
4. Select all the functions of the luteinizing hormone:
A. Forming the corpus luteum
B. Thickening the
endometrium layer for implantation
C. Breaking down the wall
of the graffian follicle to allow for release of the ovum
D. Thinning cervical
mucous
5. During which stage of the menstrual cycle does the endometrium
layer thicken?
A. Secretory Phase
B. Luteal Phase
C. Ovulation Phase
D. Proliferative Phase
6. What cycle day does the proliferative stage occur?
A. Cycle day 7-14
B. Cycle day 14-28
C. Cycle day 1-6
D. Cycle day 1-14
7. Which statement is TRUE about the ovulation phase?
A. The newly released
egg will live for 72 hours and disintegrate if not fertilized.
B. The woman will have a
low basal body temperature before ovulation and then a temperature increase of
0.4-1’F degrees around ovulation.
C. The ovum is
directly released into the fallopian tube.
D. Fertilization most
commonly occurs at the fimbria.
8. If the ovum is to be fertilized, where is the most common site of
fertilization?
A. Uterine wall
B. Fimbria
C. Ampulla of the
Fallopian Tube
D. Isthmus of the
Fallopian Tube
9. In what stage does the corpus luteum form?
A. Luteal Phase
B. Follicular Phase
C. Proliferative Phase
D. None of the above
10. What cycle day does the luteal phase occur?
A. Cycle days 15-28
B. Cycle days 5-13
C. Cycle day 14
D. Cycle days 7-14
11. The corpus luteum secretes (select-all-that-apply)?
A. Progesterone
B. Estrogen
C. FSH
D. LH
12. During the menstrual phase the _________ layer of the
endometrium is shed.
A. Stratum basalis
B. Stratum functionalis
C. Stratum compactum
D. Myometrium
13. A patient is trying to prevent pregnancy by using the rhythm
method. At what time during a woman’s cycle is she the most fertile?
A. Cycle days 21-28
B. Cycle days 1-6
C. Cycle days 9-16
D. Cycle days 6-9
14. ___________ is released from the anterior pituitary gland and
stimulates the follicles in the ovary to mature.
A. Progesterone
B. Follicle-stimulating
hormone
C. Estrogen
D. Human chorionic
gonadotropin
15. If pregnancy does not occur, the corpus luteum will disintegrate
and turn into what is called the?
A. Corpus Albicans
B. Corpus Callosum
C. Corpus Cavernosum
D. Corpus Allatum
16. Select all the following that is NOT a function of progesterone
and estrogen:
A. Inhibits the
production of LH and FSH
B. Causes the
hypothalamus to release gonadotropin releasing hormone
C. Maintains the
endometrium for pregnancy
D. Causes the follicle to
mature into a graafian follicle
17. True or False: One of the many functions of progesterone is to
maintain the endometrium for the fertilized ovum.
ANSWER- TRUE
18. If fertilization occurs the corpus luteum will act as a
temporary endocrine structure to release hormones. It will do this until the
placenta is fully developed to take over with hormone secretion and this occurs
at approximately?
A. 4 weeks gestation
B. 8 weeks gestation
C. 20 weeks gestation
D. 2 weeks gestatioN
Question 1
Which one of the following is the primary source of progesterone
in the later stages of pregnancy?
X
|
Fetus
|
X
|
Endometrium
|
X
|
Corpus
luteum
|
P
|
Placenta
|
Question 1 Explanation:
The
corpus luteum is the primary source of progesterone at the start of pregnancy,
however, the corpus luteum breaks down eventually. So from the 8th week of
pregnancy, the main source of progesterone is the placenta.
Question 2
|
Which of the following symptoms indicate that a woman is about
to ovulate?
X
|
Decrease in basal body temperature
|
P
|
Increase
in basal body temperature
|
X
|
Thickening
of cervical mucous
|
P
|
Thinning
of cervical mucous
|
Question 2 Explanation:
An
increase in a woman's basal body temperature occurs due to the LH surge. As a
result, the rise in body temperature indicates that ovulation is likely to
occur in the next 24-48 hours. The cervical mucus also becomes thinner around
the time of ovulation to allow easier passage of sperm.
Question 3
|
Which of the following are effects of increased levels of
oestrogen in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle?
Hair thinning
|
|
Thickening
of cervical mucous
|
|
P
|
Thinning
of cervical mucous
|
P
|
Thickening
of the endometrium
|
Question 3 Explanation:
In the
follicular phase oestrogen functions to increase the probability of successful
fertilisation. As a result, it causes the mucus of the cervix to become much
thinner allowing easier passage of sperm. It also causes thickening of the
endometrium to increase chances of successful implantation of a blastocyst.
Question 4
|
At which stage in the uterine cycle does the secretory phase
occur?
Days 1-5
|
|
Days
5-14
|
|
P
|
Days
14-28
|
Question 4 Explanation:
The
secretory phase of the menstrual cycle begins after ovulation when the ruptured
graafian follicle develops into the corpus luteum. The corpus luteum produces
progesterone which causes the endometrium to begin secreting various substances
which make the uterus more receptive to implantation of a fertilised ovum.
Question 5
|
Which of the following statements are true about menstruation?
P
|
In a normal 28 day menstrual cycle you would expect menstruation
to last approximately 3-5 days.
|
X
|
During
menstruation the entire endometrium is shed.
|
P
|
During
menstruation only the functional layer of the endometrium is shed, with the
basal layer remaining intact.
|
X
|
Absence
of menstruation always indicates an active pregnancy.
|
Question 5 Explanation:
It is
not uncommon for women to miss a period, however, it doesn't necessarily mean a
woman is pregnant. It can be due to a large number of other factors such as
hormonal imbalances, stress, diet, age and contraception.
Question 6
|
In a normal 28 day menstrual cycle, when would you expect the LH
surge to occur?
Days 8-10
|
|
P
|
Days
11-13
|
Days
14-16
|
|
Days
17-19
|
Question 6 Explanation:
The LH
surge usually occurs on day 12. This occurs due to oestrogen levels reaching a
peak level which stimulates large amounts of LH production. The high LH level
causes the membrane of the Graafian follicle to become thin. As a result, 24-48
hours after the LH surge ovulation usually occurs due to the rupture of the Graafian
follicle.
Question 7
|
Which hormone is the corpus luteum responsible for producing?
Oestrogen
|
|
P
|
Progesterone
|
Follicle-stimulating
hormone
|
|
Luteinizing
hormone
|
Question 7 Explanation:
The
corpus luteum produces progesterone which causes the endometrium to become
receptive to implantation of a blastocyst and prevents menstruation occurring.
Question 8
|
Where is gonadotrophin-releasing hormone produced?
Anterior pituitary
|
|
Posterior
pituitary
|
|
P
|
Hypothalamus
|
Adrenal
glands
|
|
Question 9
|
|
Which of the following are functions of progesterone?
X
|
Inhibition of oestrogen production
|
P
|
Inhibition
of LH and FSH production
|
P
|
Initiation
of the secretory phase of the endometrium
|
P
|
Increase
in basal body temperature
|
Question 9 Explanation:
Progesterone
is involved in many different processes during the menstrual cycle. It causes
the endometrium to become more receptive to implantation of a fertilised ovum.
It also inhibits the production of LH and FSH via negative feedback.
Question 10
|
At which point in the menstrual cycle is a woman most fertile?
Days 1-5
|
|
P
|
Days
9-16
|
Days
17-21
|
|
Days
22-28
|
Question 10 Explanation:
The
most fertile period of the menstrual cycle is from 5 days before ovulation to
1-2 days after. Couples often use this knowledge to increase their chances of
conception.
Question 11
|
At which stage of the uterine cycle does the menstrual phase
occur?
P
|
Days 1-5
|
Days
5-14
|
|
Days
14-28
|
Question 11 Explanation:
The
menstrual phase occurs at the very beginning of the uterine cycle. It only
occurs if no ovum is fertilised. The process begins with the breakdown of the
corpus luteum which therefore ceases to produce progesterone. The loss of
progesterone causes vasoconstriction of the spiral arteries supplying the
functional layer of the endometrium. As a result, it becomes necrotic and is
then lost through the vagina causing the 3-5 days of bleeding.
Question 12
|
Where are luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating
hormone (FSH) produced?
Hypothalamus
|
|
P
|
Anterior
pituitary
|
Posterior
pituitary
|
|
Adrenal
glands
|
|
Question 13
|
|
At which stage in the uterine cycle does the proliferative phase
occur?
Days 1-5
|
|
P
|
Days
5-14
|
Days
15-28
|
Question 13 Explanation:
The
proliferative phase begins immediately after the menstrual phase and involves
increased levels of oestrogen driving repair and growth of the functional
endometrial layer.
Question 14
|
Which of the following are functions of luteinizing hormone
(LH)?
P
|
Formation and maintenance of the corpus luteum
|
P
|
Thinning
of the Graafian follicles membrane
|
Stimulation
of follicle development
|
|
Stimulation of GnRH production
|
